New research using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope examines the maximum sizes of gas giant exoplanets, measuring chemical compositions and formation processes in the HR 8799 system.

When an electron travels through a polar crystalline solid, its negative charge attracts the positively charged atomic cores, causing the surrounding crystal lattice to deform. The electron and ...

Mountain building, also known as orogenesis, is a geological process that involves the formation and uplift of large, elevated landforms, known as mountains. The term "orogenesis" comes from Greek ...

There’s a saying in mine country, the kind that sometimes shows up on bumper stickers: “If it can’t be grown, it has to be mined.” Before mining can ever start, though, there has to be ore in the ...

Radiative association processes are fundamental mechanisms underpinning the formation of molecules in diverse astronomical environments. In these processes, two reacting particles—typically atoms or ...