I don’t have a signal generator, or more specifically I don’t have a low frequency signal generator or a function generator. Recently this fact collided with my innocent pleasure in buying cheap stuff ...

Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...

Power supplies use control-loop circuits to produce constant voltage or current. The transfer function—gain and phase as a function of frequency—provides valuable information about a control loop’s ...